Key to the
seven accepted European (incl. Macaronesia) and N-American taxa
(The key data refer to living mature ascospores and
asci. Please note that LBs fuse to large aggregates in dead ascospores)
A.
Ascospores *(17-)19-21 µm long, with one or several large LBs 1-4 µm diam. in
each half, poles slightly truncate, nuclear region constantly lateral, without
emvelope, conidia of anamorph produced on conidiophores emerging from
ascospores, *5.5-6.5 x 3 µm, bi- or multiguttulate, apothecia 2.5-5 mm diam., continental
and atlantic N-America, e.g. on Acer ... S.
occidentalis
-
Ascospores min. 21-30 µm long, nuclear region more central, apothecia larger,
temperate
B.
Ascospores in front view truncated or distinctly indented (notched) at the
ends, in older apothecia with or without conidia produced on conidiophores
emerging from the ascospores, hairs often wavy (sinuous) to coiled or curled ..
C
B.
Ascospores in front view at best in dead material in some spores very slightly
truncated at the ends, never indented, in older apothecia ascospores never
forming conidia, hairs more or less straight .. D
C.
Ascospores with one 5-6.5(-7.5) µm large LB near each end (somtimes also two to
four (2-)3-5(-6) µm large LBs), usually with an evanescent mucilaginous
envelope surrounding the entire spore (living material!), envelope within
living asci compressed by forming caps at the spore ends and partly also on the
sides, conidia only formed on mycelium, never in hymenium, *7-15 x 2.5-3.5 µm,
containing a few small LBs near each end (low lipid content), excipular hairs
straight or sinuous to coiled, montaneous Europe, highly basic soil, restricted
to Tilia ... S. jurana
C.
Ascospores with c. 10-20 LBs 1.5-3.5(-4.5) µm diam. near each end, usually with
a small mucilaginous cap on each end (living material!), no envelope on the
sides, in older apothecia germinating by (1-)2(-4) conidiophores that produce
conidia *((?8.5-))(11-)12-16(-19)((-22)) x
(4-)4.5-5.5(-6.5) µm, multiguttulate (high lipid content), excipular hairs
strikingly irregularly sinuous to curled, colline to subalpine-boreal Europe
& central to eastern N-America, slightly basic soil, mainly on Alnus,
Salix, Acer, Robinia ... S.
austriaca
D.
Ascospores predominantly *22-33 x 9-11.5 µm, with several large LBs
(0.5-)1-2(-3) µm diam. near each end, ascocarps 6-20(-30) mm diam.,
Macaronesia, mainly on Lauraceae ... S.
macaronesica
-
Ascospores predominantly *25-40 x 11-12-14 µm, ascocarps 10-90 mm diam. .. E
E.
Ascospores mature always without mucilaginous envelope, with several larger LBs
1-3 µm diam. near each end, apothecial margin often finely hairy or crenulate,
atlantic Europe, mainly on Rosaceae, Fagus, Corylus, Ulmus
(in mediterranean on Quercus with slightly smaller spores) ... S. coccinea
-
Ascospores with an entire envelope forming rather large polar mucilaginous
caps, N-America .. F
F.
Ascospores with several large LBs 1.5-3.5 µm diam. near each end, ozeanic N-America,
mainly on Quercus … S. aff. coccinea
-
Ascospores with one or several large LBs c. (2-)4-5(-6) µm diam. near each end,
north-atlantic N-America, mainly on Tilia ... S. dudleyi
Synoptic tables
on characters and ecology
1. Table of diagnostic characters (* = living state)
|
|
austriaca |
jurana |
dudleyi |
coccinea |
macaronesica |
occidentalis |
|
Ap. [mm] |
10-80(-140) |
10-50(-75) |
10-80(-90) |
10-40(-80) |
6-20(-30) |
2.5-20 |
|
Ascosp. [*, µm] |
(22-)26-29-36-40(-50) x (11.5-)12-15(-16) |
(23.5-)25-27-33-38 x (11-)12-15 |
23-25-33-40 x (11-)12-14(-15.5) |
(24.5-)27-35-43(-51) x (10-)11-14(-14.5) |
(21-)22-23-29-33(-40) x (8.5-)9-11.5(-13) |
(17-)18-21 x 10-11.5(-12.5) |
|
LBs [µm] |
1.5-3(-4.5) |
(5-)6-7.5 |
(2-)4-5(-6) |
1-3 |
(0.5-)1-2(-3) |
1-4 |
|
Ascosp. Image (*) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Envelope |
--- / polar caps |
entire envelope |
entire envelope |
---/(+) |
--- |
--- |
|
Germi- nation on water agar |
|
|
normal germ tube |
|
|
|
|
Conidia [*, µm] |
(11-)12-16(-19) x (4-)4.5-5.5(-6.5) |
c. 7-15 x 2.5-3.5 |
3.5-5.2 x 2.5-3 |
4-5.5(-6.5) x 2.2-2.7(-3) |
? |
5.5-6.5 x 3 |
|
Conidial Image (*) |
|
|
? |
|
? |
|
2. Table of ecological differences
|
CE=Central Europe |
austriaca (CE) |
jurana (CE) |
dudleyi |
coccinea (CE) |
macaronesica |
occidentalis |
|
Altitude [m]
|
(200-)300-1100(-1600) |
200-700 |
? |
100-720 |
500-1000 |
? |
|
Phenology |
(II)II-V |
XI-V |
|
(X)XI-III(-IV) |
XII-III(-VI) |
(II-)VI-VIII(-X) |
|
Main Hosts |
Alnus, Salix, Acer, Robinia |
Tilia |
Tilia, ??? |
Fagus, Ulmus, Corylus, Salix,
Quercus, Rosaceae |
Lauraceae, ?Ardisia |
Acer, Carya??? |
|
Geology |
little to medium basic |
highly basic |
? |
medium basic |
volcanic |
? |
|
Distribution |
Europe, N-America |
Central Europe |
N-America |
Europe (N-America) |
Macaronesia |
N-America |